If you’re looking for the best TVs for bright rooms, I recommend models with high brightness levels, like the Hisense U6 Series or Samsung Crystal UHD, which deliver vivid images even in well-lit spaces. Look for features such as anti-reflective coatings, powerful HDR support, and wide viewing angles to reduce glare and enhance clarity. To discover more about top choices and what makes them ideal for bright environments, keep exploring these options below.
Key Takeaways
- Look for TVs with high peak brightness (up to 1000 nits) and local dimming zones to combat glare in bright environments.
- Choose models with anti-reflective coatings and wide viewing angles for clear visuals despite ambient light.
- Prioritize displays with advanced HDR support like Dolby Vision and HDR10+ for vibrant, detailed images in bright rooms.
- Opt for screens with Mini-LED or QLED technology to ensure better contrast, vivid colors, and glare reduction.
- Consider smart features and immersive audio options to enhance overall viewing experience in well-lit settings.
| Sony 65-Inch 4K Ultra HD BRAVIA Smart TV |  | Premier Picture Quality | Screen Size: 65 Inches | Resolution: 4K Ultra HD | HDR Support: HDR (HDR10, Dolby Vision) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Roku 40-Inch Smart TV with Voice Remote |  | Budget Streaming Power | Screen Size: 40 Inches | Resolution: 1080p Full HD | HDR Support: Not specified | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Samsung 65-Inch Crystal UHD 4K Smart TV |  | Elegant Visuals | Screen Size: 65 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (HDR10, HDR10+, Dolby Vision) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Hisense 65″ E6 QLED 4K UHD Smart Fire TV |  | Vibrant Colors | Screen Size: 65 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| TCL 55″ T7 QLED 4K HDR Smart TV |  | Gaming Ready | Screen Size: 55 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR PRO+ (Dolby Vision, HDR10+) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| TCL 65-Inch 4K UHD Smart TV with Fire TV |  | Smart Flexibility | Screen Size: 65 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+, HLG) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Samsung 55-Inch QLED Q8F 4K UHD Smart TV |  | Cinematic Experience | Screen Size: 55 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Hisense 43″ E6 QLED 4K UHD Smart Fire TV |  | Compact Brilliance | Screen Size: 43 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Hisense 55″ U6 Series Mini-LED 4K Smart Fire TV |  | Deep Contrast | Screen Size: 55 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Sony BRAVIA 5 65-Inch 4K Mini LED TV |  | Studio Caliber | Screen Size: 65 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Samsung 75-Inch QLED Q7F Smart TV with AI |  | Big Screen Masterpiece | Screen Size: 75 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Hisense 55″ U6 Series Mini-LED 4K Smart TV | | Premium Performance | Screen Size: 55 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (Dolby Vision IQ, HDR10+) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| TCL 65″ QM7K Mini LED QLED 4K HDR TV |  | Next-Gen Clarity | Screen Size: 65 Inches | Resolution: 4K UHD | HDR Support: HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Sony 65-Inch 4K Ultra HD BRAVIA Smart TV
If you’re looking for a TV that delivers stunning picture quality in bright rooms, the Sony 65-Inch 4K Ultra HD BRAVIA Smart TV is an excellent choice. It features 4K HDR, Dolby Vision, and Dolby Atmos, creating a cinematic experience with vibrant colors and sharp contrast. The Triluminos Pro display guarantees over a billion accurate colors, making images pop even in well-lit spaces. With a 120Hz refresh rate, motion remains smooth, perfect for fast-paced content. Plus, its smart features like Google TV, voice control, and gaming optimizations with PS5 exclusive features make it a versatile entertainment hub for any living room.
- Screen Size:65 Inches
- Resolution:4K Ultra HD
- HDR Support:HDR (HDR10, Dolby Vision)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:Not specified
- Refresh Rate:120Hz
- Smart Platform:Google TV
- Additional Feature:Cinematic picture processing
- Additional Feature:Gaming optimization features
- Additional Feature:Over a billion colors
Roku 40-Inch Smart TV with Voice Remote
The Roku 40-Inch Smart TV with Voice Remote stands out as an excellent choice for those who want a compact, bright display with easy streaming access. Its 40-inch Full HD screen offers vibrant, clear images, thanks to Roku Smart Picture that optimizes signals and enhances picture quality. With fast Wi-Fi, streaming is smooth and quick, giving you instant access to over 500 channels, including movies, shows, live TV, and more. The intuitive interface allows easy customization and navigation. Plus, voice controls via Roku Voice, Alexa, Siri, or Google Assistant simplify searching and managing your entertainment. It’s perfect for bedrooms, kitchens, or smaller spaces where bright, sharp visuals matter.
- Screen Size:40 Inches
- Resolution:1080p Full HD
- HDR Support:Not specified
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:Not specified
- Refresh Rate:60Hz
- Smart Platform:Roku OS
- Additional Feature:Automatic software updates
- Additional Feature:Private listening mode
- Additional Feature:Customizable home screen
Samsung 65-Inch Crystal UHD 4K Smart TV
The Samsung 65-Inch Crystal UHD 4K Smart TV stands out as an excellent choice for viewers looking to enjoy vibrant, bright images even in well-lit rooms. Its 4K resolution and advanced upscaling make all content—whether shows, movies, or lower-resolution sources—look sharp and detailed. Motion Xcelerator smooths motion at up to 60Hz, ensuring clear action scenes. The sleek, aircraft-inspired design with a slim bezel adds sophistication without distraction. Plus, with over 2,700 free channels, including news, sports, and movies, and built-in Alexa, it’s easy to access and control content securely, all while enhancing your home’s décor.
- Screen Size:65 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (HDR10, HDR10+, Dolby Vision)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:Not specified
- Refresh Rate:Motion Xcelerator up to 60Hz
- Smart Platform:Tizen (Samsung Smart Hub)
- Additional Feature:Triple-layer security
- Additional Feature:Built-in Alexa voice
- Additional Feature:Elegant metal design
Hisense 65″ E6 QLED 4K UHD Smart Fire TV
Bright room viewers will appreciate the Hisense 65″ E6 QLED 4K UHD Smart Fire TV’s exceptional brightness and vibrant picture quality. Its QLED technology, powered by quantum dots, displays over a billion shades of vivid, realistic colors, ensuring stunning visuals even in bright environments. The Total HDR Solution, including Dolby Vision and HDR 10+, delivers deep blacks and bright highlights for detailed images. The AI Light Sensor automatically adjusts brightness based on ambient light, optimizing viewing while conserving energy. With AI 4K Upscaler and MEMC technology, it enhances content clarity and reduces motion blur, making fast action smooth and sharp.
- Screen Size:65 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:Up to 1000 nits (Mini-LED)
- Refresh Rate:Motion Rate 120, Game Mode Plus
- Smart Platform:Fire TV
- Additional Feature:Filmmaker Mode
- Additional Feature:AI Light Sensor
- Additional Feature:Dolby Vision HDR
TCL 55″ T7 QLED 4K HDR Smart TV
If you’re looking for a TV that performs exceptionally well in bright rooms, the TCL 55″ T7 QLED 4K HDR Smart TV stands out with its high brightness and contrast capabilities. Its 4K UltraHD resolution delivers crisp, detailed images, while QLED technology provides vibrant colors that span nearly the entire DCI-P3 color space. The HDR PRO+ support for Dolby Vision, HDR10+, and other formats enhances contrast and color accuracy, even in well-lit environments. With a 120Hz refresh rate and Motion Rate 480, motion remains smooth and clear during fast scenes. Plus, Dolby Atmos audio and smart features make this TV a versatile, bright-room powerhouse.
- Screen Size:55 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR PRO+ (Dolby Vision, HDR10+)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:High brightness (exact not specified)
- Refresh Rate:120Hz, Motion Rate 480
- Smart Platform:Google TV
- Additional Feature:Hands-free voice control
- Additional Feature:TCL AIPQ Pro Processor
- Additional Feature:120Hz refresh rate
TCL 65-Inch 4K UHD Smart TV with Fire TV
For those seeking a TV that delivers vivid, detailed images even in well-lit rooms, the TCL 65-Inch 4K UHD Smart TV with Fire TV stands out as an excellent choice. Its 4K UltraHD resolution offers four times the detail of standard HD, while the high-brightness LED backlight guarantees bright, vibrant pictures regardless of your lighting conditions. The HDR PRO+ with Dolby Vision and HDR10+ enhances contrast and color accuracy, making images pop. Plus, its smart features, including Fire TV, Alexa voice control, and Apple AirPlay 2, provide seamless streaming and convenience. This TV combines top-tier picture quality with smart versatility, perfect for bright room environments.
- Screen Size:65 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+, HLG)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:High brightness (exact not specified)
- Refresh Rate:120Hz, Auto Game Mode
- Smart Platform:Fire TV
- Additional Feature:Dolby Atmos sound
- Additional Feature:Auto Game Mode
- Additional Feature:Fast Wi-Fi 5
Samsung 55-Inch QLED Q8F 4K UHD Smart TV
The Samsung 55-Inch QLED Q8F 4K UHD Smart TV stands out with its stunning picture quality, making it an excellent choice for those who want vibrant, accurate colors even in well-lit rooms. Its 4K resolution, combined with AI-enhanced color and sound, delivers crisp, lifelike images. Quantum Dot technology displays over a billion true-to-life colors, ensuring vivid scenes in bright environments. Advanced HDR dynamically adjusts brightness and contrast for cinematic depth. The TV’s sleek AirSlim design blends seamlessly into any space, while features like wide viewing angles and smooth motion technology make it perfect for sports, gaming, and everyday viewing.
- Screen Size:55 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:High brightness (exact not specified)
- Refresh Rate:120Hz, Motion Rate 120
- Smart Platform:Tizen (Samsung Smart Hub)
- Additional Feature:Wide color volume
- Additional Feature:Object Tracking Sound
- Additional Feature:AI-optimized audio
Hisense 43″ E6 QLED 4K UHD Smart Fire TV
With its vibrant QLED display and advanced HDR support, the Hisense 43″ E6 is an excellent choice for bright rooms, where glare and ambient light can diminish picture quality. Its quantum dot technology displays over a billion shades, ensuring rich, accurate colors and sharp details. Supporting multiple HDR formats like Dolby Vision, HDR 10+, and HLG, it delivers true blacks and vibrant contrast. The AI 4K Upscaler enhances lower-resolution content, while Filmmaker Mode preserves original visuals. The TV also features Dolby Atmos sound for immersive audio, WiFi 6 for fast streaming, and Alexa voice control, making it a versatile, bright-room-ready entertainment hub.
- Screen Size:43 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:Up to 1000 nits (Mini-LED)
- Refresh Rate:120Hz, Motion Rate 120
- Smart Platform:Fire TV
- Additional Feature:Filmmaker Mode
- Additional Feature:Built-in subwoofer
- Additional Feature:AI 4K Upscaler
Hisense 55″ U6 Series Mini-LED 4K Smart Fire TV
If you’re looking for a TV that performs brilliantly in bright rooms, the Hisense 55″ U6 Series Mini-LED 4K Smart Fire TV stands out with its exceptional peak brightness of up to 1000 nits and advanced local dimming zones. Its Mini-LED technology, combined with full array local dimming, enhances contrast and prevents halos, delivering vivid images with deep blacks and bright highlights. The QLED quantum dots provide over a billion shades, ensuring vibrant, accurate colors. Supporting Dolby Vision IQ, HDR10+, and other HDR formats, it offers stunning detail and realism across all content. The result is a bright-room TV that combines impressive picture quality with smooth motion and smart features.
- Screen Size:55 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:Up to 1000 nits (Mini-LED)
- Refresh Rate:144Hz, Motion Rate 480
- Smart Platform:Fire TV
- Additional Feature:Deep local dimming
- Additional Feature:High peak brightness
- Additional Feature:Built-in subwoofer
Sony BRAVIA 5 65-Inch 4K Mini LED TV
For anyone seeking a TV that can cut through bright room glare, the Sony BRAVIA 5 65-Inch 4K Mini LED stands out with its advanced XR Backlight Master Drive. This technology delivers precise control over brightness and contrast, making images pop even in well-lit spaces. It supports Dolby Vision, Dolby Atmos, IMAX Enhanced, and DTS:X, creating an immersive cinematic experience. Thanks to XR Triluminos Pro, it displays billions of accurate colors, while AI-driven upscaling restores detail in HD content. With smart features like Google TV, voice control, and gaming optimizations for PlayStation 5, this TV combines stunning picture quality with versatile entertainment options.
- Screen Size:65 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:High brightness (exact not specified)
- Refresh Rate:Not specified, optimized for gaming
- Smart Platform:Google TV
- Additional Feature:XR Backlight Master
- Additional Feature:IMAX Enhanced support
- Additional Feature:Google TV platform
Samsung 75-Inch QLED Q7F Smart TV with AI
The Samsung 75-Inch QLED Q7F Smart TV with AI stands out as an excellent choice for bright room viewing thanks to its Quantum HDR technology and Quantum Dots, which deliver over a billion true-to-life colors even in well-lit spaces. Its dynamic tone mapping of HDR10+ enhances contrast, revealing deep blacks and vibrant highlights. The TV’s Object Tracking Sound Lite provides immersive, directional audio that follows on-screen action. Powered by the Q4 AI Gen1 Processor, it offers AI-optimized picture and sound. Plus, with over 2,700 free channels and built-in Alexa, it combines stunning visuals with versatile content and smart features, making it ideal for bright rooms.
- Screen Size:75 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:Up to 1000 nits (Mini-LED)
- Refresh Rate:120Hz, Motion Rate 480
- Smart Platform:Tizen (Samsung Smart Hub)
- Additional Feature:Quantum HDR technology
- Additional Feature:Object Tracking Sound
- Additional Feature:Gaming Hub platform
Hisense 55″ U6 Series Mini-LED 4K Smart TV
Bright room viewers will appreciate the Hisense 55″ U6 Series Mini-LED 4K Smart TV’s remarkable peak brightness of up to 1000 nits. This high brightness, combined with 600 local dimming zones, boosts contrast and guarantees vivid images even in well-lit environments. Its full array local dimming reduces halos and enhances dark scenes, while QLED technology displays over a billion colors for vibrant, accurate hues. Supporting multiple HDR formats like Dolby Vision IQ and HDR10+ guarantees detailed highlights and deep blacks. Whether watching daytime sports or bright movies, this TV delivers stunning picture quality that stands out in bright rooms.
- Screen Size:55 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (Dolby Vision IQ, HDR10+)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:Up to 1000 nits (Mini-LED)
- Refresh Rate:144Hz, Motion Rate 480
- Smart Platform:Fire TV
- Additional Feature:AI Scene Optimization
- Additional Feature:Multi-zone local dimming
- Additional Feature:144Hz gaming support
TCL 65″ QM7K Mini LED QLED 4K HDR TV
If you’re looking for a TV that can handle bright room conditions without washing out the picture, the TCL 65″ QM7K Mini LED QLED 4K HDR TV stands out. Its QD-Mini LED technology combines QLED and OLED benefits, delivering pixel-level lighting precision for vibrant, detailed images. The CrystGlow HVA Panel blocks reflections, making it easier to see in well-lit environments. With a 120Hz-144Hz refresh rate, it offers smooth motion perfect for gaming and fast content. Plus, its high HDR brightness and precise dimming zones ensure deep blacks and stunning contrast, even in bright rooms. It’s a versatile choice for bright spaces demanding excellent picture quality.
- Screen Size:65 Inches
- Resolution:4K UHD
- HDR Support:HDR (Dolby Vision, HDR10+)
- Brightness/Peak Brightness:Up to 1000 nits (Mini-LED)
- Refresh Rate:120Hz-144Hz, Advanced Gaming Features
- Smart Platform:Google TV
- Additional Feature:CrystGlow HVA Panel
- Additional Feature:Advanced halo control
- Additional Feature:Onkyo immersive sound
Factors to Consider When Choosing Tvs for Bright Rooms
When choosing a TV for bright rooms, I focus on brightness levels and HDR to guarantee vivid images even in daylight. I also consider anti-reflective coatings and glare reduction features to minimize distractions, along with screen size and viewing distance for comfort. Finally, I look for good color accuracy and contrast to deliver sharp, lifelike picture quality.
Brightness Levels and HDR
Choosing a TV for a bright room means paying close attention to brightness levels and HDR performance. Brightness is measured in nits, and higher levels help combat ambient light, keeping images clear and vibrant. Look for TVs with at least 800 to 1000 nits for the best performance in well-lit spaces. HDR (High Dynamic Range) enhances contrast and color accuracy, making highlights brighter and shadows deeper, which is vital in bright environments. A TV with strong HDR support combined with high brightness ensures images remain vivid and detailed, even in sunlit rooms. Keep in mind that not all HDR formats are equal; choose models supporting Dolby Vision or HDR10+ for more dynamic and lifelike picture quality. Prioritizing these features guarantees a stunning viewing experience in bright settings.
Anti-Reflective Screen Coatings
In bright rooms, glare and reflections can particularly hinder your viewing experience, but anti-reflective screen coatings offer a practical solution. These coatings work by reducing light reflection, which helps improve visibility and prevents ambient light from washing out the picture. An effective anti-reflective layer can cut reflections by 50-70%, making screens much easier to see during daytime or in well-lit spaces. They achieve this by diffusing incoming light or absorbing excess reflections, resulting in a clearer, more comfortable viewing experience. Quality anti-reflective coatings are especially beneficial in rooms with large windows or strong light sources, as they help maintain contrast and color accuracy. If you’re shopping for a TV for bright environments, prioritizing models with good anti-reflective coatings is a smart choice.
Screen Size and Viewing Distance
Selecting the right screen size and viewing distance is essential for enjoying your TV in bright rooms. Larger screens, such as 65 inches or more, enhance immersion and make viewing more comfortable in bright environments. To get the best picture clarity and reduce eye strain, aim for a viewing distance of about 1.5 to 2.5 times the screen’s diagonal size. This distance minimizes reflections and glare, making content easier to see despite ambient light. Additionally, choosing a TV with a high brightness level, measured in nits, ensures vivid images without washing out. A wide viewing angle is also beneficial, as it maintains consistent picture quality from different seating positions, ensuring everyone in the room has a great viewing experience.
Glare Reduction Technologies
When dealing with bright rooms, glare can substantially hinder your viewing experience, but advanced glare reduction technologies can make a noticeable difference. Anti-reflective or matte screen coatings help diffuse ambient light, reducing reflections and improving visibility. High peak brightness and local dimming zones boost contrast, making images clearer even in strong lighting. Wide viewing angles prevent glare from reflections when watching from different positions. Additionally, dynamic contrast and advanced HDR support enhance picture clarity, helping images stand out despite ambient light. Proper placement also matters—positioning the TV away from direct light sources and using curtains or drapes can further minimize reflections. Together, these technologies optimize your viewing experience in bright environments, ensuring clear, vibrant images without the distraction of glare.
Color Accuracy and Contrast
Glare reduction technologies improve visibility in bright rooms, but achieving true picture quality also depends on color accuracy and contrast. High contrast ratios and local dimming help TVs maintain clarity and detail by controlling brightness levels effectively, even in well-lit environments. Wide color gamuts and precise calibration ensure vibrant, accurate colors that don’t fade under ambient light. Brightness capacity, measured in nits, plays a vital role in combating glare and delivering clear images in bright settings. Additionally, anti-reflective or matte screen coatings reduce reflections, boosting visibility and color fidelity. HDR support with high peak brightness enhances contrast and depth, making images more lifelike. Together, these features create a more immersive viewing experience that stands out, even in the brightest rooms.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do Anti-Reflective Screens Improve Viewing in Bright Rooms?
Anti-reflective screens improve viewing in bright rooms by reducing glare and minimizing reflections from windows and lights. I notice that when I watch a TV with this feature, the picture stays clear and vibrant, even during daylight. It helps me focus on the content without straining my eyes or losing detail. Overall, anti-reflective screens make my viewing experience much more comfortable and enjoyable in well-lit environments.
What Is the Optimal Screen Brightness for Daylight Visibility?
In bright daylight, I’ve found that a screen brightness of around 1,000 to 1,500 nits works best for clear visibility. Imagine a TV screen that cuts through the sunlight like a lighthouse beacon, making images pop without washing out. Higher brightness levels help combat glare and reflections, ensuring you see vibrant colors and sharp details even in sunlit rooms. So, aim for that sweet spot to enjoy your favorite shows without straining your eyes.
Do Matte Screen Finishes Reduce Glare Effectively?
Yes, matte screen finishes do reduce glare effectively. I’ve found that they diffuse reflections from ambient light, making it easier to see the picture clearly without harsh reflections bouncing off the screen. While they might slightly soften the image compared to glossy screens, the glare reduction is worth it, especially in bright rooms. If glare is a concern for you, a matte finish can really improve your viewing experience.
How Does Ambient Light Sensor Technology Enhance Picture Quality?
Ambient light sensor technology subtly tunes your TV’s brightness and contrast, creating a more natural picture that adapts seamlessly to your room’s lighting. I find it’s like the TV’s way of reading the room and adjusting itself to deliver ideal picture quality without any fuss. This smart feature makes watching more comfortable and immersive, especially in bright environments, ensuring you always get a vivid, balanced viewing experience.
Are There Specific TV Settings Recommended for Bright Environments?
For bright environments, I recommend increasing the brightness and contrast settings on your TV to counteract ambient light. Turning on the local dimming feature can enhance contrast and black levels. Also, enable any ambient light sensor or eco modes that automatically adjust picture settings based on room brightness. Using a matte screen or anti-reflective coating can further reduce glare, ensuring you get a clear, vibrant picture even in well-lit rooms.
Conclusion
If you’re worried about choosing the right TV for bright rooms, don’t be. These models are designed to handle high ambient light and deliver stunning picture quality. I know it’s tempting to prioritize size or smart features, but brightness and anti-reflective screens truly make a difference. Trust me, investing in these options means you’ll enjoy crisp, vibrant visuals no matter how bright your environment is—no more squinting or missing details.
